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Couchbase Server

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Apache_CouchDB" title="Apache CouchDB">Apache CouchDB</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Couchbase Server</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Couchbase%2C_Inc." title="Couchbase, Inc.">Couchbase, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">August 2010 (2010-08)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">7.6.6

/ May 19, 2025 (2025-05-19)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/couchbase/manifest">github.com/couchbase/manifest</a> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a>, <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Multi-model_database" title="Multi-model database">Multi-model database</a>, <a href="Key-value_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Key-value database">distributed key-value database</a>, <a href="Document-oriented_database" title="Document-oriented database">document-oriented database</a>, <a href="JSON_database" class="mw-redirect" title="JSON database">JSON database</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BSL 1.1,<a href="#cite_note-bsl-2">[2]</a> <a href="Freemium" title="Freemium">freemium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.couchbase.com/">www.couchbase.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Couchbase Server, originally known as Membase, is a <a href="Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">source-available</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bsl-2">[2]</a> distributed (<a href="Shared-nothing_architecture" title="Shared-nothing architecture">shared-nothing architecture</a>) <a href="Multi-model_database" title="Multi-model database">multi-model</a> <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> <a href="Document-oriented_database" title="Document-oriented database">document-oriented database</a> software package optimized for interactive applications. These applications may serve many <a href="Concurrent_user" title="Concurrent user">concurrent users</a> by creating, storing, retrieving, aggregating, manipulating and presenting data. In support of these kinds of application needs, Couchbase Server is designed to provide easy-to-scale key-value, or JSON document access, with low latency and high sustainability throughput. It is designed to be <a href="Cluster_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (computing)">clustered</a> from a single machine to very large-scale deployments spanning many machines.

Couchbase Server provided client protocol compatibility with <a href="Memcached" title="Memcached">memcached</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> but added disk <a href="Persistence_(computer_science)" title="Persistence (computer science)">persistence</a>, <a href="Data_replication" class="mw-redirect" title="Data replication">data replication</a>, live cluster reconfiguration, rebalancing and <a href="Multitenancy" title="Multitenancy">multitenancy</a> with <a href="Partition_(database)" title="Partition (database)">data partitioning</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Product_history">Product history</h2></div>

Membase was developed by several leaders of the <a href="Memcached" title="Memcached">memcached</a> project, who had founded a company, NorthScale, to develop a <a href="Key-value_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Key-value store">key-value store</a> with the simplicity, speed, and scalability of memcached, but also the storage, persistence and querying capabilities of a database. The original membase source code was contributed by NorthScale, and project co-sponsors <a href="Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a> and <a href="Naver_Corporation" title="Naver Corporation">Naver Corporation</a> (then known as NHN) to a new project on membase.org in June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

On February 8, 2011, the Membase project founders and Membase, Inc. announced a merger with CouchOne (a company with many of the principal players behind <a href="CouchDB" class="mw-redirect" title="CouchDB">CouchDB</a>) with an associated project merger. The merged company was called <a href="Couchbase%2C_Inc." title="Couchbase, Inc.">Couchbase, Inc.</a> In January 2012, Couchbase released Couchbase Server 1.8.

In September of 2012, <a href="Orbitz" title="Orbitz">Orbitz</a> said it had changed some of its systems to use Couchbase.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

In December of 2012, Couchbase Server 2.0 (announced in July 2011) was released and included a new <a href="JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> document store, indexing and querying, incremental <a href="MapReduce" title="MapReduce">MapReduce</a> and <a href="Replication_(computing)" title="Replication (computing)">replication</a> across <a href="Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zd2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2></div>

Every Couchbase node consists of a data service, index service, query service, and cluster manager component. Starting with the 4.0 release, the three services can be distributed to run on separate nodes of the cluster if needed.

In the parlance of Eric Brewer's <a href="CAP_theorem" title="CAP theorem">CAP theorem</a>, Couchbase is normally a CP type system meaning it provides <a href="Consistency_(database_systems)" title="Consistency (database systems)">consistency</a> and <a href="Network_partitioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Network partitioning">partition tolerance</a>, or it can be set up as an AP system with multiple clusters.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cluster_manager">Cluster manager</h3></div>

The cluster manager supervises the configuration and behavior of all the servers in a Couchbase cluster. It configures and supervises inter-node behavior like managing replication streams and re-balancing operations. It also provides metric aggregation and consensus functions for the cluster, and a <a href="REST" title="REST">RESTful</a> cluster management interface. The cluster manager uses the <a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang programming language</a> and the <a href="Open_Telecom_Platform" title="Open Telecom Platform">Open Telecom Platform</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Replication_and_fail-over">Replication and fail-over</h4></div>

<a href="Data_replication" class="mw-redirect" title="Data replication">Data replication</a> within the nodes of a cluster can be controlled with several parameters.

In December of 2012, support was added for replication between different <a href="Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zd2-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_manager">Data manager</h3></div>

The data manager stores and retrieves documents in response to data operations from applications.

It asynchronously writes data to disk after acknowledging to the client. In version 1.7 and later, applications can optionally ensure data is written to more than one server or to disk before acknowledging a write to the client.

Parameters define item ages that affect when data is persisted, and how max memory and migration from main-memory to disk is handled.

It supports working sets greater than a memory quota per "node" or "bucket".

External systems can subscribe to filtered data streams, supporting, for example, <a href="Full_text_search" class="mw-redirect" title="Full text search">full text search</a> indexing, <a href="Data_analytics" class="mw-redirect" title="Data analytics">data analytics</a> or archiving.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Data_format">Data format</h4></div>

A document is the most basic unit of data manipulation in Couchbase Server. Documents are stored in JSON document format with no predefined schemas. Non-JSON documents can also be stored in Couchbase Server (binary, serialized values, XML, etc.)

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Object-managed_cache">Object-managed cache</h4></div>

Couchbase Server includes a built-in multi-threaded object-managed <a href="Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">cache</a> that implements memcached compatible APIs such as get, set, delete, append, prepend etc.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Storage_engine">Storage engine</h4></div>

Couchbase Server has a tail-append storage design that is immune to data corruption, <a href="OOM_killer" class="mw-redirect" title="OOM killer">OOM killers</a> or sudden loss of power. Data is written to the data file in an append-only manner, which enables Couchbase to do mostly sequential writes for update, and provide an optimized access patterns for disk I/O.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3></div>

A performance benchmark done by <a href="Altoros" title="Altoros">Altoros</a> in 2012, compared Couchbase Server with other technologies.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<a href="Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> published a benchmark that measured the latency and throughput of Couchbase Server with a mixed workload in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing_and_support">Licensing and support</h2></div>

Couchbase Server is a packaged version of Couchbase's <a href="Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> technology and is available in a community edition without recent bug fixes with an Apache 2.0 license<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and an edition for commercial use.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

Couchbase Server builds are available for Ubuntu, Debian, Red Hat, SUSE, Oracle Linux, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and macOS operating systems.

Couchbase has supported software developers' kits for the programming languages <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a>, <a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>, <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a>, and <a href="Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a>.

A <a href="Query_language" title="Query language">query language</a> called SQL++ (formerly called N1QL), is used for manipulating the JSON data in Couchbase, just like SQL manipulates data in RDBMS. It has SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE statements to operate on JSON data.

It was initially announced in March 2015 as "SQL for documents".<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>

The SQL++ <a href="Data_model" title="Data model">data model</a> is <a href="Database_normalization#Non-first_normal_form_.28NF.C2.B2_or_N1NF.29" title="Database normalization">non-first normal form</a> (N1NF) with support for nested attributes and domain-oriented <a href="Database_normalization" title="Database normalization">normalization</a>. The SQL++ data model is also a proper superset and generalization of the <a href="Relational_model" title="Relational model">relational model</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Example">Example</h3></div>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>{

"email": "testme@example.org",

"friends": [

{ "name": "Pavan" },

{ "name": "Ravi" }

]

}

</pre></div>

<dl><dt>Like query</dt>

<dl><dt>Array query</dt>

<dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SELECT * FROM `bucket` WHERE ANY x IN friends SATISFIES x.name = "Pavan" END;</code></dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Couchbase_Mobile">Couchbase Mobile</h2></div>

Couchbase Mobile / Couchbase Lite is a <a href="Mobile_database" title="Mobile database">mobile database</a> providing data replication.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

Couchbase Lite (originally TouchDB) provides native libraries for offline-first NoSQL databases with built-in <a href="Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> or <a href="Client-server" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-server">client-server</a> replication mechanisms.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

Sync Gateway manages secure access and synchronization of data between Couchbase Lite and Couchbase Server.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

Couchbase Lite added support for Vector Search in version 3.2,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> allowing cloud to edge support for vector search in mobile applications.

Couchbase began as an evolution of <a href="Memcached" title="Memcached">Memcached</a>, a high-speed data cache, and can be used as a drop-in replacement for Memcached, providing high availability for memcached application without code changes.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

Couchbase is used to support applications where a flexible data model, easy scalability, and consistent high performance are required, such as tracking real-time user activity or providing a store of user preferences or online applications.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

Couchbase Mobile, which stores data locally on devices (usually mobile devices) is used to create “offline-first” applications that can operate when a device is not connected to a network and synchronize with Couchbase Server once a network connection is re-established.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>

The Catalyst Lab at <a href="Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> uses Couchbase Mobile to support the Evo application, a healthy lifestyle research program where data is used to help participants improve dietary quality, physical activity, stress, or sleep.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>

<a href="Amadeus_IT_Group" title="Amadeus IT Group">Amadeus</a> uses Couchbase with <a href="Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Apache Kafka</a> to support their “open, simple, and agile” strategy to consume and integrate data on loyalty programs for airline and other travel partners. High scalability is needed when disruptive travel events create a need to recognize and compensate high value customers.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

Starting in 2012, it played a role in <a href="LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>'s caching systems, including <a href="Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">backend</a> <a href="Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">caching</a> for recruiter and jobs products, counters for security defense mechanisms, for internal applications.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2></div>

For caching, Couchbase competes with <a href="Memcached" title="Memcached">Memcached</a> and <a href="Redis" title="Redis">Redis</a>.

For document databases, Couchbase competes with other <a href="Document-oriented_database" title="Document-oriented database">document-oriented database</a> systems. It is commonly compared with <a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a>, <a href="Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">Amazon DynamoDB</a>, <a href="Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle RDBMS</a>, <a href="DataStax" title="DataStax">DataStax</a>, <a href="Bigtable" title="Bigtable">Google Bigtable</a>, <a href="MariaDB" title="MariaDB">MariaDB</a>, <a href="Cloudant" title="Cloudant">IBM Cloudant</a>, <a href="Redis" title="Redis">Redis Enterprise</a>, <a href="SingleStore" title="SingleStore">SingleStore</a>, and <a href="MarkLogic_Server" title="MarkLogic Server">MarkLogic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation book cs1">Brown, MC (June 22, 2012). Getting Started with Couchbase Server (1st ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 88. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1449331061</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOstrovskyHajiRodenski2015" class="citation cs2">Ostrovsky, David; Haji, Mohammed; Rodenski, Yaniv (November 26, 2015), Pro Couchbase Server 2nd ed. (2nd ed.), <a href="Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a>, p. 349, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1484211861</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPotsangbam2015" class="citation cs2">Potsangbam, Henry (November 23, 2015), Learning Couchbase (1st ed.), <a href="Packt" title="Packt">Packt</a>, p. 202, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1785288593</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFVohra2015" class="citation cs2">Vohra, Deepak (August 3, 2015), Pro Couchbase Development: A NoSQL Platform for the Enterprise (1st ed.), <a href="Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a>, p. 331, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1484214350</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSangudi2017" class="citation cs2">Sangudi, Gerald; et al. (October 20, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.couchbase.com/n1ql-practical-guide-second-edition/">N1QL: A Practical Guide (2nd Edition)</a> (2nd ed.), <a href="Self-published" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-published">Self-published</a>, p. 423</cite></li>

<li>Vemulapalli, Sitaram; et al. (May 10, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.couchbase.com/a-guide-to-n1ql-features-in-couchbase-5-5-special-edition/">A Guide to N1QL features in Couchbase 5.5: Special Edition</a>, Self-published, p. 112</li>

<li><a href="Donald_D._Chamberlin" title="Donald D. Chamberlin">Chamberlin, Don</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/SQL-Users-Tutorial-Don-Chamberlin/dp/0692184503/">(Oct 19, 2018) SQL++ For SQL Users: A Tutorial, Couchbase</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDamien_Katz2013" class="citation web cs1">Damien Katz (January 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://damienkatz.net/2013/01/the_unreasonable_effectiveness_of_c.html">"The Unreasonable Effectiveness of C"</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bsl-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bsl_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bsl_2-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.couchbase.com/blog/couchbase-adopts-bsl-license/">"Couchbase Adopts BSL License"</a>. The Couchbase Blog. 26 March 2021.</cite>

</li>

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